Agnet June 7

From: Subject: Agnet June 7 Date: Tue, 6 Jul 2004 10:29:57 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01C46344.2F351370"; type="text/html" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1409 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C46344.2F351370 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://131.104.74.73:96/agnet/2004/6-2004/agnet_june_7.htm Agnet June 7 Agnet June = 7/04

Biotech = conference

Profile-biotech's=20 nemesis

Biodiversity versus transgenic = sugar beet:=20 the one Euro question

Australia says new test shows = Pakistan was=20 wrong in tainted wheat row

Wheat = scab

Tomato spotted wilt, pepper -=20 Spain

Can we count on our food=20 supply?

Pine shoot beetle; additions to = quarantined=20 areas

Gypsy moth generally infested=20 areas

how to subscribe

Biotech conference
June 7, 2004
Associated=20 Press
Paul Elias
SAN FRANCISCO -- An estimated 18,000 = biotechnology=20 scientists, executives and government officials were cited as gathering = Sunday=20 for the 11th annual convention of the Biotechnology Industry=20 Organization.
The story says that activists critical of the $40 = billion=20 industry began a week of planned demonstrations.
The story says that = about=20 150 protesters taunted conference attendees as they arrived at an = opening night=20 reception a few miles from the convention center amid a heavy police = presence.=20 No arrests were reported as demonstrators held signs aloft and dumped = rotten=20 fruit and vegetables in the street before the police confiscated cases = of=20 remaining food without incident.
BIO spokesman Dan Eramian was quoted = as=20 saying, "The irony is that while we have a handful of young people = protesting=20 the industry, about 3,000 young people came to the BIO career fair = looking for=20 jobs."
The protesters were spurred on by San Francisco County = Supervisor Tom=20 Ammiano, who introduced a nonbinding resolution praising the protesters = and=20 slamming the industry.
The resolution states that "there is = widespread=20 controversy and debate over the social, cultural, and environmental = impacts of=20 biotechnology, and the privatization of such assets poses serious = concerns that=20 need to be fully examined."
Ammiano also called for the supervisors = to=20 commend anti-biotech protesters for "organizing an international = teach-in to=20 educate the public on issues regarding biotechnology, corporate economic = globalization, and racial justice."

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Profile-biotech's nemesis
June 6, 2004
The = Asssociated=20 Press
Paul Elias
SANTA BARBARA, Calif. -- Vandana Shiva, the = sari-wearing=20 firebrand who for two decades has fiercely fought biotechnology in her = native=20 India, was quoted as telling a decidedly liberal crowd at the University = of=20 California at Santa Barbara that, "Ten thousand years of expertise in = feeding us=20 is a woman's expertise. That work is now being claimed as an invention = by a=20 handful of corporations."
The story says that Shiva will be repeating = the=20 message to a less-friendly crowd as she joins demonstrators outside the = annual=20 convention of the Biotechnology Industry Organization that opens in San=20 Francisco on Sunday. She'll also be leading anti-biotech = workshops.
The story=20 says that Shiva, who lives on a farm outside New Delhi, brings an image = of Third=20 World authenticity to an organic farming crusade that wraps Luddite=20 sensibilities in a fiery anti-imperialistic message. To Shiva, = biotechnology is=20 an ecologically dangerous tool for Western corporations to win global = domination=20 of agriculture.
The story goes on to say that Shiva is now pressing = her=20 lawyers to take her fight to the World Trade Organization, where the = United=20 States sued the European Union to open up its markets to biotech = food.
To=20 biotech proponents, however, she's a false prophet preaching to a small = choir of=20 activists while hurting the millions of poor people she claims to=20 protect.
C.S. Prakash, a Tuskegee University biotechnology researcher = who=20 frequently attacks Shiva in conservative journals, was quoted as saying, = "I=20 believe that Vandana Shiva's notoriety is better known among Western = academic=20 and activist circles than in her native country. While she is admired by = certain=20 naive elites in the West, her relentless attack on modern farming = techniques and=20 open economies can only keep countries like India backward. =85 Vandana = Shiva is=20 probably among the most effective environmentalists in the world. As a = fellow=20 Indian, I'm really proud of her. As an Indian woman she has accomplished = so much=20 -- even if she's wrong."
Patrick Moore, the Greenpeace co-founder who = became=20 an industry lobbyist, was cited as calling Shiva a patronizing elitist = who was=20 born to wealth and privilege and revels in her celebrity, adding, "She = knows=20 nothing of the people she's purporting to help."
That particular = charge, the=20 story says, upsets Shiva the most. Her parents were middle-class = government=20 bureaucrats and farmers during her childhood, she proudly declares, and = her=20 entire college career was funded by academic = scholarships.

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Biodiversity versus transgenic sugar beet: the one Euro=20 question
June 2004
European Review of Agriculture = Economics Vol=20 31 (1) (2004) pp.1-18
Matty Demont, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, = Leuven,=20 Belgium
Justus Wesseler, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The=20 Netherlands
Eric Tollens, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven,=20 Belgium
http://erae.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/31/1/1
Rec= eived=20 November 2002; final version received November 2003.
Summary
The = decision=20 on whether to release transgenic crops in the EU is subject to = irreversibility,=20 uncertainty and flexibility. We analyse the case of herbicide-tolerant = sugar=20 beet and assess whether the EU's 1998 de facto moratorium on transgenic = crops=20 for sugar beet was correct from a cost-benefit perspective, using a real = option=20 approach. We show that the decision was correct, providing households on = average=20 value the possible annual irreversible costs of herbicide-tolerant sugar = beet at=20 1 or more. On the other hand, the total net private reversible benefits = forgone=20 if the de facto moratorium is not lifted are around 169 million per=20 year.

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Australia says new test shows Pakistan was wrong in tainted = wheat=20 row
June 7, 2004
Agence France Presse
SYDNEY - Grain = exporter AWB Ltd was cited as saying Monday that independent laboratory = tests in=20 Britain have proven that Pakistan wrongly rejected a major shipment of = allegedly=20 infected Australian wheat earlier this year.
AMB managing director = Andrew=20 Lindberg was cited as saying Britain's Central Science Laboratory (CSL) = found no=20 sign of karnal bunt disease in the 150,000 tonne shipment, which had = also been=20 cleared by Australian scientists, adding, "Samples were taken under = Pakistani=20 government supervision from all four rejected ships, and CSL found no = evidence=20 of karnal bunt in any of the samples analysed. AWB is pleased with the = test=20 results as they reaffirm Australia's reputation as a supplier of = high-quality=20 clean, white wheat, and vindicates our position regarding the quality of = Australian wheat during the recent events in Pakistan."

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Wheat scab
June 5, 2004
Associated = Press
Dan=20 Lewerenz
STATE COLLEGE, Pa. -- Plant experts are, according to this = story,=20 predicting a widespread outbreak of wheat scab, a fungus that withers = the grain=20 and produces a chemical that can sicken humans and livestock.
Erick = DeWolf,=20 assistant professor of plant pathology at Penn State University, was = cited as=20 saying that wheat scab, also known as Fusarium head blight, is present = every=20 year in small amounts but this year probably will cover crops from the=20 mid-Atlantic to as far west as Missouri or Arkansas.
Don Hershman, = extension=20 plant pathologist for the University of Kentucky, was quoted as saying, = "It is=20 pretty bleak. In fact, I just talked with the pathologist at Indiana a = little=20 while ago and he said it's bleak there. Illinois isn't good, and Ohio's = starting=20 to slide, too."
The story explains that scab forms when the Fusarium = spores=20 settle in flowering wheat plants. If there's enough moisture and the = right=20 temperature conditions -- too cold and the spores won't grow, too hot = and=20 evaporation steals the moisture -- the infection will set in the head as = the=20 grain begins to form.
The fungus robs the grain of nutrients, turning = the=20 kernels into pale, pruned ghosts of their potential selves. It also = produces a=20 chemical called deoxynivalenol, or vomitoxin, that poses a health risk = to both=20 people and animals.
On the Net:
Penn State Wheat Scab site:=20 http://www.wheatscab.psu.edu/
U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative:=20 http://www.scabusa.org/

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Tomato spotted wilt, pepper - Spain
June 4, = 2004
A=20 ProMED-mail post
http: //www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a = program of=20 the International Society for Infectious Diseases
http:=20 //www.isid.org
Date: 4 Jun 2004
Source:British Soc. Plant Pathol., = New=20 Disease Reports [edited] Resistance breaking strain of Tomato spotted = wilt virus=20 (Tospovirus; Bunyaviridae) on resistant pepper cultivars in Almeria=20 (Spain).
P. Margaria, M. Ciuffo and M. Turina Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) is = endemic in=20 the Almeria region of Spain, where the local agro-climatic conditions = allow=20 Frankliniella occidentalis, the main TSWV vector species, continuous = generations=20 throughout the year. So far the only efficient method to control TSWV in = pepper=20 crops has relied on the Tsw resistance gene. During autumn 2003, some of = the=20 pepper varieties previously shown to be resistant to TSWV displayed = symptoms=20 commonly associated with TSWV infection.
A serological test carried = out in=20 the field with lateral flow devices prepared in our institute was = positive for=20 TSWV. Sap from infected plants was mechanically inoculated to Capsicum = chinensis=20 [Cc] resistant accession #152225, and no necrotic spots were observed on = the=20 inoculated leaves, whereas systemic symptoms were observed 4 days=20 post-inoculation on newly emerged un-inoculated leaves. ELISA (Roggero = et al.,=20 2002) confirmed the systemic infection of Cc with TSWV. Type strains = Br01 and=20 p105 (Roggero et al., 2002) were also inoculated to Cc and produced = typical=20 necrotic spots on the inoculated leaf, while newly emerging leaves were=20 symptomless and tested negative for TSWV.
ELISA tests were negative = for=20 Impatiens necrotic spot virus and Tomato chlorotic spot virus, the other = tospoviruses able to systemically infect Cc (Roggero et al., 2002). = After 3=20 passages by mechanical inoculation through single local lesions on = _Nicotiana=20 tabacum_, the virus was still able to systemically infect Cc. RT-PCR was = carried=20 out on upper un-inoculated leaves in order to amplify regions of the S = segment=20 of the TSWV genome (Qiu et al., 1998).
An 800-bp PCR product = corresponding to=20 the nucleocapsid gene was amplified, cloned, and sequenced (GenBank = accession=20 No. AY598831). Comparison of the nucleocapsid amino acid sequence with = homologue=20 sequences of TSWV isolates in GenBank showed highest identity (99 = percent) to an=20 isolate from Almeria described in 1995 (Accession = No.
X94550).
TSWV=20 resistance-breaking strains have previously been reported from Italy in = Capsicum=20 spp. carrying the Tsw gene (Roggero et al., 2002) and from Spain in = tomato=20 species carrying the Sw5 gene (Aramburu & Marti, 2003).
To our = knowledge=20 this is the 1st report of TSWV strains breaking the resistance provided = by the=20 Tsw gene introgressed in Capsicum spp. under field conditions in=20 Spain.
References
Aramburu J, Marti M, 2003. The occurrence in = north-east=20 Spain of a variant of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) that breaks = resistance in=20 tomato (_Lycopersicon esculentum_) containing the Sw-5 gene. Plant = Pathology 52,=20 407.
Roggero P, Masenga V, Tavella L, 2002. Field isolates of Tomato = spotted=20 wilt virus overcoming resistance in pepper and their spread to other = hosts in=20 Italy. Plant Disease 86, 950-954.
Jahn M, Paran I, Hoffmann K, = Radwanski ER,=20 Livingstone KD, Grube RC, Aftergoot E, Lapidot M, Moyer J, 2000. Genetic = mapping=20 of the Tsw locus for resistance to the Tospovirus tomato spotted wilt = virus in=20 Capsicum spp. and its relationship to the Sw-5 gene for resistance to = the same=20 pathogen in tomato. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 13, = 673-682.
Qiu WP,=20 Geske SM, Hickey CM, Moyer JW, 1998. Tomato spotted wilt Tospovirus = genome=20 reassortment and genome segment-specific adaptation. Virology 244,=20 186-194.
ProMED-mail
promed@promedmail.org
[Tospoviruses, = mainly Tomato=20 spotted wilt virus (TSWV), constitute a severe threat to Capsicum = cultivation=20 worldwide. TSWV is regarded as one of the 10 most economically = destructive plant=20 pathogens. Resistance to TSWV but not to other tospoviruses, based on a=20 hypersensitive reaction, has been found only in accessions of Cc = 'PI152225' and=20 'PI159236'. The resistance, carried by the dominant gene Tsw, is broken = at high=20 temperatures and depends on plant age, with young plants being more = susceptible.=20 The Tsw gene has been introduced into several commercial sweet and hot = pepper=20 cultivars with good agronomic performance. Resistance-breaking strains = of TSWV=20 systemically infecting resistant plants have been found under = experimental=20 conditions and in the field.
Reference (Roggero et al.,)=20 online:
http://www.ento.csiro.au/thysanoptera/Symposium/Section4/15-Ro= ggero-et-al.pdf
Mod.DH]

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Can we count on our food supply?
June 7, = 2004
Globe and=20 Mail
Page=20 A19
http://www.globeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/TPStory/LAC/200406= 07/COFAMINE07/TPComment/TopStories
Harriet=20 Friedmann, a professor of sociology specializing in analysis of food = systems,=20 with the Munk Centre for International Studies at the University of = Toronto,=20 writes in this op-ed that Lester Brown of the Worldwatch Institute has = once=20 again warned of looming food scarcity: Measured against consumption, = there's=20 just 59 days' worth of grain, according to some reports.
This has = been a=20 refrain of environmentalists since the 1972 warning by Club of Rome = scientists=20 that finite resources in a growing world will lead to collapse. Does the = recent=20 series of poor harvests mean impending disaster?
Friedmann says it's=20 important to be wary of single scary numbers like "59 days of food = supply."=20 Harvests in Northern and Southern hemispheres replenish stores at least = twice a=20 year, and politics determines who holds stocks. Industrial agriculture = was=20 pioneered in North America and exported to the world. But in the past 50 = years,=20 for the first time since agriculture began, a minority of the world's = population=20 works on farms. Big changes have taken place in how humans use the earth = and how=20 we eat.
More than half the world's agricultural land suffers moderate = to=20 extreme soil degradation. Climate change will certainly make yields=20 unpredictable in future, if not already. Grain supplies may not keep up, = even as=20 population growth levels off.
More people in the global South are = adopting=20 meat-intensive diets. In Canada, animals eat more than three-quarters of = all=20 grain consumed (not counting exports). China feed animals less than = one-quarter=20 of its grain. Friedmann says it takes 1,000 times as much water to = produce a=20 pound of beef as it does a pound of wheat.
Critics of Mr. Brown's = position=20 can argue that apart from war zones, more people have food than ever = before. The=20 World Health Organization recently proclaimed obesity to be a global = epidemic,=20 not just for rich countries or privileged consumers. Diabetes and = coronary heart=20 disease are skyrocketing in parts of the global South, even as the worst = deficiencies shrink.
Shouldn't we celebrate a "nutrition transition" = that has=20 caused problems of underconsumption to be replaced by problems of=20 overconsumption?
Instead of criticizing or defending Mr. Brown's = position,=20 let's take two angles on the complex challenge for the global food = system to=20 feed the world.
First is global sourcing and marketing. U.K. food = analyst Tim=20 Lang created "food miles" as a unit to measure how far food moves before = it=20 reaches the kitchen table. Costs of sea freight have fallen 70 per cent = since=20 1980, and air freight falls 3- to 4-per-cent a year, so it's profitable = for many=20 countries to export and import the same product. Canada exports 98,000 = tons and=20 imports 54,000 tons of milk, which 50 years ago would all have been = local.
It=20 may seem less absurd to import fruits and vegetables to cold countries. = Yet one=20 kilogram of asparagus sent from Chile to New York takes 73 kg of fuel = energy and=20 contributes 4.7 kg of carbon dioxide to global warming.
FoodShare = Toronto, in=20 a study by Stephen Bentley, compared foodmiles travelled by similar = items at the=20 Dufferin Grove farmer's market and across the street at the Dufferin = Mall=20 No-Frills supermarket. The study compared pears shipped 5,887 kilometres = from=20 Washington via Los Angeles to the ones that came 58 km from Milton, = Ont., and=20 lamb chops that travelled 72 km from Flamborough to Dufferin Grove Park = with=20 those that made a 13,882-km. journey from New Zealand to Dufferin Mall. = The=20 foodmiles average of the supermarket items was more than 5,000 times = greater=20 than the same items in the farmer's market. The study calculated energy = used and=20 greenhouse-gas emissions, depending on how food was transported, and = found the=20 imports to be on average almost 400 times greater.
A second novel=20 characteristic of the food system is changing diets. Diseases of=20 overconsumption, such as gout, once afflicted kings who could afford = "rich" food=20 -- fatty food from expensive meat and butter -- in huge quantities. Now = a=20 99-cent burger is about the cheapest meal around in Canada because the = price=20 doesn't include ecological or health costs.
In the 19th century, farm = products passed through the industrial system that created white bread = and=20 canned goods. Now, a few corporations invent the tens of thousands of = edible=20 commodities on supermarket shelves.
Along with animal products, this = is the=20 reason that fats and sugars account for more than one- third of the = calories=20 eaten daily in North America, but less than 10 per cent of calories = consumed=20 each day in China.
Why should people trade too few calories for diets = causing=20 chronic disease?
It is what we have done in rich countries, and now = our=20 health systems are suffering from the crushing weight of helping people = live=20 with diabetes, heart disease and the rest.

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Pine shoot beetle; additions to quarantined = areas
June 7,=20 2004
Federal Register: (Volume 69, Number 109)
Page=20 31723-31725]
[DOCID:fr07jn04-3]
DEPARTMENT OF = AGRICULTURE
[Docket No.=20 04-036-1]
AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service,=20 USDA.
ACTION: Interim rule and request for comments.
SUMMARY: We = are=20 amending the pine shoot beetle regulations by adding Decatur, Jennings, = and=20 Ripley Counties, IN, and Franklin County, NY, to the list of quarantined = areas.=20 This action is necessary to prevent the spread of pine shoot beetle, a = pest of=20 pine products, into noninfested areas of the United States.
DATES: = This=20 interim rule is effective June 7, 2004. We will consider all comments = that we=20 receive on or before August 6, 2004.
ADDRESSES: You may submit = comments by=20 any of the following methods:
Postal Mail/Commercial Delivery: Please = send=20 four copies of your comment (an original and three copies) to Docket No. = 04-036-1, Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS, Station 3C71, = 4700=20 River Road Unit 118, Riverdale, MD 20737-1238. Please state that your = comment=20 refers to Docket No. 04-036-1.
E-mail: Address your comment to=20 regulations@aphis.usda.gov. Your comment must be contained in the body = of your=20 message; do not send attached files. Please include your name and = address in=20 your message and ``Docket No. 04-036-1'' on the subject line.
Agency = Web=20 Site: Go to http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppd/rad/cominst.html for a form = you can=20 use to submit an e-mail comment through the APHIS Web site.
Federal=20 eRulemaking Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov and follow the = instructions=20 for locating this docket and submitting comments.
Reading Room: You = may read=20 any comments that we receive on this docket in our reading room. The = reading=20 room is located in room 1141 of the USDA South Building, 14th Street and = Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC. Normal reading room hours are 8 = a.m. to=20 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, except holidays. To be sure someone is = there=20 to help you, please call (202) 690-2817 before coming. Other = Information: You=20 may view APHIS documents published in the Federal Register and related=20 information, including the names of groups and individuals who have = commented on=20 APHIS dockets, on the Internet at=20 http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppd/rad/webrepor.html.
FOR FURTHER = INFORMATION=20 CONTACT: Mr. Weyman Fussell, Program Manager,
Pest Detection and = Management=20 Programs, PPQ, APHIS, 4700 River Road Unit 134, Riverdale, MD = 20737-1231; (301)=20 734-5705.

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Gypsy moth generally infested areas
June 7,=20 2004
Federal Register: (Volume 69, Number 109)
[Page=20 31722-31723]
[DOCID:fr07jn04-2]
DEPARTMENT OF = AGRICULTURE
[Docket No.=20 04-025-1]
AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service,=20 USDA.
ACTION: Interim rule and request for comments.
SUMMARY: We = are=20 amending the gypsy moth regulations by adding one county in Ohio and = seven=20 counties in Wisconsin to the list of generally infested areas based on = the=20 detection of infestations of gypsy moth in those counties. As a result = of this=20 action, the interstate movement of regulated articles from those areas = will be=20 restricted. This action is necessary to prevent the artificial spread of = the=20 gypsy moth to noninfested States.
DATES: This interim rule is = effective June=20 7, 2004. We will consider all comments that we receive on or before = August 6,=20 2004.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments by any of the following=20 methods:
Postal Mail/Commercial Delivery: Please send four copies of = your=20 comment (an original and three copies) to Docket No. 04-025-1, = Regulatory=20 Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS, Station 3C71, 4700 River Road Unit = 118,=20 Riverdale, MD 20737-1238. Please state that your comment refers to = Docket No.=20 04-025-1.
E-mail: Address your comment to regulations@aphis.usda.gov. = Your=20 comment must be contained in the body of your message; do not send = attached=20 files. Please include your name and address in your message and ``Docket = No.=20 04-025-1'' on the subject line.
Agency Web Site: Go to=20 http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppd/rad/cominst.html for a form you can use to = submit=20 an e-mail comment through the APHIS Web site.
Federal eRulemaking = Portal: Go=20 to http://www.regulations.gov and follow the instructions for locating = this=20 docket and submitting comments.
Reading Room: You may read any = comments that=20 we receive on this docket in our reading room. The reading room is = located in=20 room 1141 of the USDA South Building, 14th Street and Independence = Avenue, SW.,=20 Washington, DC. Normal reading room hours are 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., = Monday=20 through Friday, except holidays. To be sure someone is there to help = you, please=20 call (202) 690-2817 before coming. Other Information: You may view APHIS = documents published in the Federal Register and related information, = including=20 the names of groups and individuals who have commented on APHIS dockets, = on the=20 Internet at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppd/rad/webrepor.html.
FOR = FURTHER=20 INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Weyman Fussell, Program Manager,
Pest = Detection and=20 Management Programs, PPQ , APHIS, 4700 River Road Unit 134, Riverdale, = MD=20 20737-1236; (301) 734-5705.

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Agnet is produced by the Food Safety = Network at the=20 University of Guelph and is sponsored by the Ontario Ministry of = Agriculture and=20 Food, Plants Program at the University of Guelph, Agricultural = Adaptation=20 Council (CanAdapt Program), AGCare, Canadian Council of Grocery = Distributors,=20 ConAgra Foods Inc., Meat & Livestock Australia, Pioneer Hi-Bred = Limited=20 (Canada), Monsanto Canada, National Pork Board, Syngenta Seeds, Inc. = USA,=20 JIFSAN, CropLife Canada, Canadian Animal Health Institute, National = Cattlemen's=20 Beef Association/Cattlemen's Beef Board, Burger King Corporation, = Southern Crop=20 Protection Association, Ag-West Biotech Inc., Ontario Agri-Food = Technologies,=20 Syngenta Crop Protection, Feedlot Health Management Services, Institute = of=20 Environmental Science & Research Limited , National Food Processors=20 Association, Tactix Government Consulting, Inc., CanAmera Foods, Global = Public=20 Affairs, and Agri Business Group, Inc.

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For more = information about=20 the Agnet research program, please contact:
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archived=20 at = http://131.104.74.73:96/agnet-archives.htm

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