From: Subject: Food Security and Ag-Biotech (FS-AgBiotech) News Date: Fri, 25 Jan 2008 14:17:17 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01C85F5C.FDCA4260" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.3198 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C85F5C.FDCA4260 Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.merid.org/fs-agbiotech/displaydate.php?month=1&year=2008 =EF=BB=BF Food Security and Ag-Biotech (FS-AgBiotech) = News

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Vine Times
Date: = 1/3/2008
Source:=20 The Economist

Riccardo Velasco of the = Agricultural=20 Institute of San Michele all'Adige in Italy and his = colleagues=20 have published the first full genetic sequence of a = grape=20 variety. The grape in question is a pinot noir. The=20 researchers have published their work in the Public = Library of=20 Science (PLOS). The article says the work will help = "open the=20 way" for the creation of genetically modified (GM) = grapes. The=20 article cites the work of Dennis Gray of the = University of=20 Florida in the U.S., who has been working for years to = develop=20 disease resistant GM grapes. Gray began field trials = this year=20 of grapes engineered to resist Pierce's disease and = fungal=20 infection. Gray argues that genetic engineering is the = best=20 technique for developing disease resistant grapes = because it=20 avoids problems with conventional breeding. = Conventional=20 breeding means incorporating 50 percent of the DNA = from both=20 parent plants with each cross, a process which Gray = says=20 destroys the unique flavor of grapes that are used to = make=20 wine. Genetic engineering, he says, avoids this = problem by=20 allowing the selective incorporation of only the genes = required for disease resistance. Others, the article = says,=20 disagree that genetic engineering should be used with = wine=20 grapes. There are concerns, for instance, that GM wine = would=20 be boycotted by consumers. The article can be viewed = online at=20 the link below.

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Chile Boosts Centres of=20 Excellence
Date: 1/3/2008
Source: = SciDev.Net

Chile's National Commission for = Scientific=20 and Technological Research (CONICYT) has announced = plans for=20 the establishment of eight new Chilean centers of = scientific=20 excellence in the areas of ecology, biotechnology,=20 oceanography, astrophysics, technological development, = and=20 mathematical modeling. The article can be viewed = online at the=20 link below.

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Latin America and EU to = Collaborate on=20 Biotechnology
Date: 1/4/2008
Source: = SciDev.Net

The Latin American trade group = Mercosur and=20 the EU have agreed to create a new program called = BIOTECHSUR=20 for funding agricultural biotechnology projects in = Latin=20 America. The EU has pledged US$10.4 million to the = program,=20 and Mercosur members Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay = have=20 pledged US$1.4 million. Argentina is to coordinate the = initiative. Igueda Menvielle, director of BIOTECSUR = and=20 national director of international relationships at = the=20 Argentinean Ministry of Science, says that "We are = going to=20 create a regional platform for biotechnology, which = gathers=20 policy, science and the private sector." Menvielle = said=20 agricultural biotechnology is being focused on because = it is=20 important to innovation and economic development. = BIOTECSUR=20 will focus initially on projects in the areas of = forestry,=20 oilseeds, sheep, and birds. Representatives from the = Mercosur=20 nations and the EU will attend seminars between = February and=20 April 2008 to identify the region's main biotechnology = demands. Proposals for four biotechnology research = projects,=20 which will each be granted =E2=82=AC1 million (US$1.4 = million) each,=20 will be accepted beginning in May through to July. The = article=20 can be viewed online at the link below.

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USDA's Conner: Crop Supplies = "Dicey" in=20 2008
Date: 1/4/2008
Source: Reuters

Acting U.S. Agriculture Secretary = Chuck=20 Conner has said that it will be a challenge for U.S. = farmers=20 to grow enough corn, wheat, and soybeans in 2008 to = meet the=20 demand for food, livestock feed, and biofuel. Conner = said he=20 believes U.S. farmers can do it, but it will be "very = dicey."=20 Demand for corn to make ethanol is expected to = continue to=20 increase. U.S. President George Bush signed an energy = law on=20 December 19 requiring the use of 36 billion gallons of = renewable fuels a year by 2022, with 15 billion = gallons=20 expected to come from corn-based ethanol. Production = of=20 ethanol this year is forecast to be about 6.5 billion = gallons.=20 Darrell Good, an economist at the University of = Illinois in=20 the U.S., says U.S. farmers will need high yields in = 2008 to=20 meet demands for corn, soybeans, and wheat. Good says = high=20 prices for all three will encourage larger soybean and = wheat=20 plantings while corn plantings have already expanded=20 considerably, a difficult combination. Conner = commented that=20 "We are watching very, very closely" to see if = cropland should=20 be released without penalty from the long-term U.S.=20 Conservation Reserve, overseen by the U.S. Department = of=20 Agriculture (USDA). About 36.8 million acres are = "idled" in=20 the reserve. The article can be viewed online at the = link=20 below.

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Resource Notification: FAO = E-Conference=20 Summary
Date: 1/4/2008
Source: FAO

The UN Food and Agriculture = Organization=20 (FAO) has released a summary document of its March 5 - = April=20 1, 2007 e-mail conference on "Coping with water = scarcity in=20 developing countries: What role for agricultural=20 biotechnologies". The main topic discussed during the=20 conference was the application of biotechnology for = the=20 development of crops with improved drought resistance = or water=20 use efficiency. Most discussion on this topic was = dedicated to=20 marker-assisted selection and genetic modification. = The two=20 other main issues discussed were how to deliver real = solutions=20 to farmers and the role of the Consultative Group on=20 International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). = Seventy-eight=20 emails were contributed during the four-week e-mail=20 conference. These were from 50 people living in 24 = different=20 countries. Approximately 70 percent of the messages = were from=20 individuals working at universities and at national or = international research organizations. The 11-page = summary=20 document is available online at the link below. =

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Federal Budget Bill Contains = Ag-Research=20 Money for Cornell
Date: 1/4/2008
Source: The = Ithaca=20 Journal

The U.S. Department of = Agriculture=20 Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) plans to = begin=20 construction on a US$29.6 million Center for Grape = Genetics=20 Research in Geneva, New York (the U.S.). Research at = the=20 center will include selective breeding of grapes using = genetic=20 characteristics to control pests and diseases. The = article can=20 be viewed online at the link below.

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Pioneer Modifies Sorghum to Boost = Nutrition in Africa
Date: 1/8/2008
Source: Des = Moines=20 Register

This article reports on the = development by=20 the Africa Biofortified Sorghum (ABS) Project of a new = second-generation genetically modified (GM) sorghum = variety,=20 called ABS#2, with increased levels of essential amino = acids=20 that are easily digestible, especially lysine, and = more of the=20 vitamins A and E, as well as more bioavailable iron = and zinc.=20 Pioneer Hi-Bred International researchers have helped = develop=20 the variety. Pioneer is working as a partner in the = ABS=20 project, which has been given a five-year US$18.6 = million=20 grant by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Paul = Anderson,=20 research director for grain end-use improvement at = Pioneer,=20 says that field tests of the new GM sorghum have been=20 conducted in the U.S. and on the Caribbean island of = Puerto=20 Rico, a U.S. territory. The ABS project has not yet = received=20 permission for field testing in any of the African = countries=20 for which the variety was developed. The South African = government refused to approve an application for = greenhouse=20 tests of the GM sorghum, but Anderson reports that the = refusal=20 is being appealed. According to Anderson, the ASB = partners are=20 also working with other African countries that are = interested=20 in growing GM sorghum. Anderson, however, declines to = say=20 which countries are interested because he says he does = not=20 want to tip off GM opposition groups. Commenting on = South=20 Africa's refusal to approve testing of GM sorghum, = Robert=20 Paarlberg, a professor of political science at = Wellesley=20 College in the U.S., says, "South Africa wanted to be = extra=20 careful with sorghum because it has wild relatives in = Africa.=20 They wanted to take a look at the gene flow issues." = Paarlberg=20 argues, however, that it "It would be a shame if = unproven and=20 undocumented biosafety risks block the (biofortified = sorghum)=20 project." The article can be viewed online at the link = below.=20

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Policy U-Turn on GM Has Crucial=20 Ramifications
Date: 1/8/2008
Source: Bangkok=20 Post

Thailand's cabinet has decided to = lift a=20 national ban on field trials of genetically modified = (GM)=20 crops, according to this article. The author of the = article,=20 Witoon Lianchamroon, is the director of Biothai, a = pro-organic=20 farming group that opposes GM crops. Witoon argues = that GM=20 field testing is dangerous because it will lead to GM=20 "contamination," which Witoon says will hurt Thai = agricultural=20 exports and could put Thai farmers in legal jeopardy. = Witoon=20 says that if farmer=E2=80=99 fields are contaminated = by GM material,=20 the farmers might be sued by biotechnology = multinationals for=20 patent infringement. The Thai cabinent, according to = Witoon,=20 has resolved to promote biotechnology research by its = own=20 scientists. Witoon asserts that this resolution is a=20 questionable one since most GM crops have been = developed and=20 are owned by multinational companies. The article can = be=20 viewed online at the link below.

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Supreme Court Backs Monsanto in = Patent=20 Case
Date: 1/9/2008
Source: Associated = Press

The U.S. Supreme Court on Monday = let stand,=20 without comment, a lower court ruling punished a = farmer in the=20 U.S. state of Mississippi for re-using Monsanto's = patented=20 genetically modified (GM) soybean seed. Monsanto sued = Homan=20 McFarling in 1999 for violating its patents by = planting GM=20 seeds that he saved from a previous year's crop. The = article=20 says that McFarling replanted Monsanto seeds in both = 1999 and=20 2000. The company won $375,000 in damages, which = McFarling's=20 lawyers had challenged as excessive. They also argued = that=20 patent law does not allow Monsanto "to control the = future use=20 of seeds that were a natural product of the seeds that = he had=20 bought and planted." The courts disagreed. A U.S. = Court of=20 Appeals called court action against McFarling "simply = a=20 prohibition against unlicensed use of the patented = invention."=20 Since the late 1990s, Monsanto has pursued similar = lawsuits=20 against almost 100 farmers, according to the Center = for Food=20 Safety in the U.S., which opposes the suits and urged = the=20 Supreme Court to take McFarling's case. The article = can be=20 viewed online at the link below.

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France One Step Closer to = Extending GM=20 Ban
Date: 1/9/2008
Source: Food Production = Daily

The French government said = Tuesday that it=20 is willing to apply an EU measure to implement a long = term ban=20 on genetically modified (GM) crops if a scientific = panel=20 decides their environmental safety is questionable. A=20 temporary ban affecting commercial cultivation of GM = crops was=20 put in place by French President Nicholas Sarkozy last = October=20 as part of plans to make France greener. The ban is = due to=20 come to an end at the start of February, by which time = a=20 decision will be announced. French farmer activist = Jose Bove=20 launched a hunger strike last week with 15 supporters, = saying=20 he would not eat again until the government imposes a=20 year-long GM ban. The article can be viewed online at = the link=20 below.

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Monsanto Reaps Huge Rewards From = Its=20 Blossoming Seed Business
Date: 1/9/2008
Source: = Money=20 Morning

This article says that Monsanto = has been=20 making large profits from its genetically modified = (GM) seed=20 business. The company=E2=80=99s share prices rose more = than 120=20 percent in 2007 and are now trading at about US$120 = per share,=20 up from less that US$8 per share in 2002. The article = reports=20 that the shares reached an all-time high last week = after Latin=20 American sales for Monsanto seeds and branded = "Roundup"=20 herbicide helped Monsanto nearly triple its=20 fiscal-first-quarter profit. The article states that=20 Monsanto=E2=80=99s success is "largely due" to sales = of its GM seeds.=20 The article can be viewed online at the link below. =

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EU May Face Trade Sanctions over = WTO=20 Biotech Case
Date: 1/12/2008
Source: = Reuters

This article says that Friday, = January 12=20 was the deadline by which the EU was supposed to have = complied=20 with a World Trade Organization (WTO) ruling in the=20 transatlantic case over EU regulation of genetically = modified=20 organisms (GMOs). The case was brought against the EU = in 2003=20 by the U.S., Canada, and Argentina. The WTO ruled in = 2006 that=20 the EU must end nation-specific bans on certain = genetically=20 modified (GM) foods that had been approved by the EU = as a=20 whole before the beginning of its six-year de facto = moratorium=20 on new GMO approvals. (The de facto moratorium ended = in 2004.)=20 The bans have not been ended, specifically in Austria, = and the=20 article says that the U.S., Canada, or Argentina might = request=20 WTO sanctions against the EU for noncompliance. = Alternatively,=20 they could choose not to take any action, or they = could=20 further extend the deadline for EU compliance. = [According to a=20 related article [The Canadian Press; January 12], = Canada has=20 agreed to extend the deadline for compliance, WTO = officials=20 have said. The WTO officials reported that a joint = letter was=20 received from Canadian and EU trade representatives = laying out=20 a new "reasonable period of time" for the EU to comply = with=20 the WTO ruling.] The article can be viewed online at = the link=20 below.

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India's DBT to Set Up Biotech = Research=20 Council
Date: 1/12/2008
Source: Crop Biotech=20 Update

India's Department of = Biotechnology (DBT)=20 will pursue two new initiatives to promote = public-private=20 cooperation in biotechnology research and development, = according to Kapil Sibal, Indian Minister for Science = and=20 Technology and Earth Sciences. The first initiative is = the new=20 Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council = (BIRAC), to=20 be set up by the DBT. BIRAC will act as an interface = between=20 academia and private industry, and will be = particularly=20 tailored to the needs of small and medium enterprises = (SMEs)=20 and start-up companies. The DBT will also begin a new=20 Biotechnology Industry Partnership Programme (BIPP) = and will=20 devote 30 percent of the department's total budget to=20 strengthening public-private partnership initiatives = in new=20 areas. Sibal said, in addition, that his ministry has = sought=20 assistance from Federation of Indian Chambers of = Commerce and=20 Industry in the drafting of a new "Innovation Law" = that will=20 involve the private sector in policy formulation. The = article=20 can be viewed online at the link below.

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Scientists Construct Cassava cDNA = Library=20
Date: 1/12/2008
Source: Crop Biotech = Update

Researchers from Japan and the=20 International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) = in=20 Colombia have constructed a full-length cDNA library = of=20 cassava plants under normal conditions as well as = under=20 high-heat, drought, aluminum-exposure, and post = harvest=20 physiological deterioration conditions. CDNA libraries = are=20 collections of clones containing complementary DNA = generally=20 intended to represent the genes expressed within a = given cell=20 or tissue type at a given period. The cassava cDNA = library is=20 designed to promote research in cassava improvement = for high=20 yield under abiotic stress, providing full sequences = of=20 stress-responsive genes and expanding the gene catalog = of the=20 cassava plant. The researchers have published their = findings=20 in the scientific journal BMC Plant Biology. The = article and a=20 link to the scientific abstract are available online = at the=20 link below.

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Genetically Modified Food and=20 International Trade
Date: 1/14/2008
Source:=20 IFPRI

This discussion paper from the=20 International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) = examines=20 the potential effects of introducing genetically = modified (GM)=20 food crops in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, and the=20 Philippines in the presence of trade-related = regulations of GM=20 food in major importing countries. The paper focus on = GM field=20 crops (rice, wheat, maize, soybeans, and cotton) = resistant to=20 biotic and abiotic stresses, such as drought-resistant = rice,=20 and uses a multi-country, multi-sector computable = general=20 equilibrium model. The paper finds that that "the = gains=20 associated with the adoption of GM food crops largely = exceed=20 any type of potential trade losses these countries may = incur."=20 Other findings include that: 1) adopting GM crops = allows net=20 importing countries to greatly reduce their imports; = 2) GM=20 rice would be the most advantageous crop for the four=20 countries; and 3) the segregation of non-GM crops can = help=20 reduce any potential trade loss for GM adopters, such = as=20 India, that want to keep export opportunities in = sensitive=20 countries, even with a 5 percent "segregation" cost. = The=20 48-page paper is available online at the link below.=20

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Pakistan Govt to Introduce = Genetically=20 Modified Cottonseed in 2009
Date: = 1/14/2008
Source:=20 Daily Times

The deputy director of Pakistan's = National=20 Biosafety Centre (NBC), Afzaal Ahmed, has said that Bt = cotton=20 will be made available for commercial cultivation in = Pakistan=20 in 2009. Ahmed said that Pakistan's "National = Institute of=20 Genetic Engineering (NIBJE) has been developing the = [Bt=20 cotton] seeds under the same technique [as other, = preexisting=20 Bt cotton varieties] but [the variety under = development by=20 NIBJE] has nothing to do with international brand Bt=20 cottonseed; NIBJE would most probably appoint some = local=20 company to market the seed in the local market in = 2009." Ahmed=20 said that Bt cotton seed smuggled in from abroad is = already=20 available to Pakistani farmers. He advised farmers = against=20 using the illegal seed, however, because it is not = well-suited=20 to local growing conditions. The article says that = previously,=20 Pakistani farmers who planted illegal Bt cotton seed = got bad=20 results and spread rumors that Bt cotton is bad to = grow. Ahmed=20 said that the Bt cotton variety under development by = NIBJE=20 will increase farmers' yields significantly. An = agricultural=20 scientist at the government's National Agricultural = Research=20 Center in Islamabad, Pakistan, has commented that = there are=20 biosafety concerns associated with Bt crops. "Bt = cotton will=20 become vulnerable to pest attack in the long run as = pests=20 would develop resistance, also Bt genes escaping from = pollen=20 grains will harm neighboring crops' bio-diversity," = the=20 scientist said. Ahmed argued, however, that Bt cotton = is being=20 assessed on all biosafey parameters, and that the crop = will be=20 monitored even after it is released onto the market. = If=20 insects develop resistance to the cotton, Ahmed said, = then the=20 crop can be further genetically modified to overcome = the=20 problem. The article can be viewed online at the link = below.=20

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French Farmer Calls Off Hunger=20 Strike
Date: 1/14/2008
Source: Associated = Press

This article reports that the = French=20 activist and farmer Jose Bove and about 15 supporters = called=20 off their hunger strike, after the French government = announced=20 plans to further extend a temporary ban on planting of = genetically modified (GM) crops. France will suspend=20 cultivation of MON810, the only type of GM crop = previously=20 allowed in the country, until a review is conducted by = the EU,=20 Prime Minister Francois Fillon's office said. The move = was=20 based on a recommendation by a government-appointed = panel=20 calling for "the need for additional analyses on the = health=20 and environmental effects of the genetically modified = product=20 MON810 in the long term," Fillon's office said in a = statement.=20 The article can be viewed online at the link below. =

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China and Mexico Team Up to Fight = Wheat=20 Disease
Date: 1/15/2008
Source: = SciDev.Net

The Mexico-based International = Maize and=20 Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and the Chinese = Academy of=20 Agricultural Sciences have agreed to jointly fund a = new=20 three-year US$3 million project to breed new wheat = varieties=20 with disease resistance and that can tolerate heat and = drought. The project will involve screening several = thousand=20 wheat samples, provided by both centers, for useful = traits,=20 particularly against a new strain of stem wheat rust, = Ug99.=20 "Of particular concern is the new, virulent strain of = stem=20 rust, Ug99, which appeared in eastern Africa eight = years ago=20 but has since moved on to the Middle East and could = soon=20 threaten the vast wheat lands of Asia," said Masa = Iwanaga,=20 director-general of CIMMYT, in a press release. "Both = parties=20 see an urgent need to screen thousands of wheat lines = to=20 identify ones that resist the new rust race," Iwanaga = said.=20 The article reports that the development of heat and = drought=20 resistant wheat is expected to help farmers face = climate=20 change. According to the article, partnerships between = China=20 and CIMMYT go back three decades. Around four million = hectares=20 in China are sown with wheat varieties derived from = CIMMYT=20 plants, and Chinese breeding stocks and partnerships = have=20 improved the disease resistance of CIMMYT-derived = varieties=20 grown around the world. The article can be viewed = online at=20 the link below.

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Duty-Free U.S. Corn Imports Force = Mexico=20 GMO Debate
Date: 1/15/2008
Source: = Reuters

Mexico ended import duties on = U.S. corn on=20 January 1, under the North American Free Trade = Agreement=20 (NAFTA), and the article says that Mexican corn = farmers are=20 now threatened competition by cheap imported corn from = the=20 U.S. Farmers in Mexico, it says, are debating whether = to adopt=20 genetically modified (GM) varieties of corn to resist = the U.S.=20 challenge, or to mechanize production but keep local = corn=20 strains GM-free. The article states that GM supporters = may be=20 gaining "the upper hand." A law to allow experimental = planting=20 of GM strains in northern Mexico was passed two years = ago but=20 was never signed. Mexican Agriculture Minister Alberto = Cardenas said last month, however, that the law could = go into=20 effect in a matter of weeks. Cardenas has also said he = believes some farmers in northern Mexico are already = growing=20 GM corn smuggled in from the U.S. Catalino Flores, a=20 geneticist working with a Mexican national corn = growers'=20 association, argues that "We have to start testing [GM = crops]=20 now . . . There will be drought resistant corn in 5 to = 10=20 years. If you don't plant something like that when = everyone=20 else is, you'll be down the drain." But the article = says some=20 farmers worry that introducing GM seeds could = contaminate the=20 hundreds of traditional Mexican corn varieties. "The = farmers=20 who want to plant transgenic corn are irresponsible, = they=20 don't care if the are putting the genetic heritage of = Mexico=20 at risk," says Victor Suarez, head of a small farmers' = group=20 that wants to maintain trade barriers on corn and = beans. The=20 article can be viewed online at the link below. =

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Africa: Subsidy Cuts Boost = Continent's=20 Sugar Producers
Date: 1/15/2008
Source: The=20 Monitor

EU agriculture ministers have = agreed to=20 reduce the prices offered to European sugar farmers by = 36=20 percent, a move that this article says will benefit = African=20 sugar farmers. The World Trade Organization (WTO) = ruled last=20 year that the EU's 40-year-old system of guaranteed = pricing=20 for sugar was illegal, and that the EU must change its = rules.=20 The WTO judgment followed a formal complaint from = sugar cane=20 producing countries. The article says that countries = like=20 Australia, Brazil, and Thailand will now benefit from = a=20 reduction in subsidized European sugar on the global=20 marketplace, along with other smaller sugar producing=20 countries in Africa like Uganda, Cameroon, Rwanda, and = Kenya.=20 The article can be viewed online at the link below. =

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GM Crops in Europe: How Much = Value and=20 for Whom?
Date: 1/16/2008
Source: Euro = Choices

This article reviews the existing = scholarly=20 literature on genetically modified (GM) crops = globally, to=20 assess the potential value of GM crops for Europe and = how this=20 value is likely to be shared among stakeholders. = According to=20 the article, the literature suggests that, on average, = two=20 thirds of the global benefits of GM crops are shared=20 "downstream," in other words among domestic and = foreign=20 farmers and consumers, while only one third is = extracted=20 "upstream," by gene developers and seed suppliers. The = article=20 reviews some Europe-specific studies to explore = whether this=20 "global rule of thumb" can be extrapolated to the EU. = It=20 concludes that by denying farmers access to = potentially=20 cost-reducing technologies, banning GM crops could be=20 counterproductive for the future competitiveness of EU = agriculture. The article was written by researchers at = Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium and the = Africa Rice=20 Center (WARDA) in Senegal. The article abstract is = available=20 online at the link below in English, French, and = German.=20

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Samples of GM Maize Found at = Deserted=20 Farm
Date: 1/16/2008
Source: The Bangkok = Post

The Thai non-governmental = organization=20 Biothai, which advocates for organic farming, has = reported=20 finding two samples of illegal genetically modified = (GM) maize=20 on a deserted farm located a few hundred meters from a = Monsanto maize farm in Thailand's Phitsanulok = province.=20 Biothai reported that it collected 19 samples of = maize,=20 soybean, and cotton from local plantations and farm = shops and=20 sent them for testing at the food research and testing = laboratory at Chulalongkorn University in Thailand. = =E2=80=9CClean up=20 and containment operations are urgently needed to = prevent the=20 GM crop spreading further," says Witoon Lianchamroon, = the=20 director of Biothai. Witoon says that the presence of = illegal=20 GM maize could threaten Thai corn exports to Europe = and Japan.=20 Jirakorn Kosaisawe, deputy chief of the Thai = agriculture=20 department, said he would send officials to collect = maize=20 samples soon to verify Biothai's findings. Shanti = Shamdasani,=20 an official with Monsanto in Southeast Asia, said in a = statement that the company will cooperate fully with = Thai=20 authorities to determine the circumstances of the = matter.=20 Witoon said that this is the third example of GM=20 =E2=80=9Ccontamination=E2=80=9D to have been detected = in Thailand. The first=20 incident involved GM cotton in 1999, and the second = involved=20 GM papaya in 2004. The article can be viewed online at = the=20 link below.

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GM Bananas Could Solve Panama=20 Plight
Date: 1/16/2008
Source: Australian = Broadcasting=20 Corporation

The Australian Banana Growers = Council has=20 announced plans to fund research for the development = of=20 genetically modified (GM) banana plants with = resistance to=20 panama disease. The article says that the disease have = =E2=80=9Cdevastated=E2=80=9D the banana industry in = Australia=E2=80=99s Northern=20 Territory. [Panama disease, also known as Fusarium = wilt of=20 banana, is found in most of the world=E2=80=99s = banana-growing=20 regions.] The article can be viewed online at the link = below.=20

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The GM Crop that Will Sow Less=20 Bitterness
Date: 1/17/2008
Source: The = Telegraph

Researchers at Bayer CropScience = based in=20 Germany say they have developed genetically modified = (GM)=20 crops with a "genetic shock absorber" that increases = plant=20 growth during periods of excessive heat, drought, and = cold. In=20 stressful circumstances, plants protect themselves by=20 "switching on" a gene called PARP. The article says = this=20 produces a protein of the same name that repairs the = plant's=20 DNA and shields its cells from damage. Unfortunately, = the PARP=20 protein needs a lot of energy to do its job, and = because=20 plants cannot predict how long bad conditions will = last, they=20 can over-produce it. If the bad conditions persist, = the plant=20 eventually runs out of energy. The researchers at = Bayer used=20 RNA interference technology to reduce the expression = of the=20 PARP gene in plants, thus lowering production of the = PARP=20 protein. Michael Metzlaff, head of Bayer's crop = productivity=20 research group, says that he and his team of = researchers=20 initially tested the new technology using mustard = cress=20 (a.k.a. Arabidopsis thaliana), a model plant often = used by=20 scientists. When subjected to heat, drought, and cold, = he says=20 the GM mustard cress plants showed an increase in = yield of=20 between 10 and 20 percent, as compared to normal = mustard=20 cress. In extreme cases, Metzlaff says he saw a 44 = percent=20 improvement in growth. Since then, Bayer says its = researchers=20 have successfully tested their RNA interference = technology=20 with oilseed rape. Metzlaff emphasizes that the = technology=20 does not involve the introduction of genes from = outside the=20 plant; "It's not classical GM," he says. The article = can be=20 viewed online at the link below.

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Statement on Gene Technology and = GM=20 Plants
Date: 1/17/2008
Source: AAS

The Australian Academy of Science = (AAS) has=20 released a statement saying that it supports the = responsible=20 and ethical use of gene technologies to produce = genetically=20 modified (GM) plants for use in Australian = agriculture.=20 According to the AAS, gene technology can play a role = in the=20 alleviation of malnutrition, enhancing sustainability, = and=20 securing yields worldwide. "Its potential must be = harnessed,"=20 the group says. "Sometimes, the lack of full = certainty, in an=20 environment of manageable risk, should not be used as = the=20 reason to postpone measures where genetic modification = can=20 legitimately be used to address environmental or = public health=20 issues," the AAS says. [According to a related article = (Brisbane Times, December 18, 2007), the government of = the=20 Australian state of Victoria, which recently lifted = its ban on=20 GM canola, welcomed the AAS statement as support of=20 "mainstream science in the responsible use of gene=20 technologies." Bob Phelps of the Australian = non-governmental=20 organization Gene Ethics criticized the report, = however,=20 saying that it was biased and a "bunch of lies." = Phelps=20 claimed that herbicide-resistant GM crops are sprayed = with=20 more chemicals than non-GM crops and that since no=20 drought-tolerant GM are available, the technology = cannot=20 combat climate change, as the AAS says it has the = potential to=20 do.] The AAS statement can be viewed online at the = link below.=20

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[search=20 again]

Allergenicity Assessment of = Genetically=20 Modified Crops--What Makes Sense?
Date:=20 1/18/2008
Source: Nature Biotechnology

This "perspective" article argues = that not=20 all tests currently being applied to assessing the=20 allergenicity of genetically modified (GM) crops have = a sound=20 scientific basis. Some tests, the article states, are = not=20 reliable enough to be used by themselves. The article=20 therefore supports the "weight-of-evidence approach" = laid out=20 in UN Codex Alimentarius guidelines for accessing=20 allergenicity. Other organizations it says, have = adopted a=20 "decision-tree" approach that could lead to costly = false=20 positives. The article names several tests which it = says=20 should not be included in allergenicity assessment = efforts=20 because their predictive values have not been = validated. These=20 include: 1) bioinformatics: short-peptide matches = resulting in=20 random false-positive hits; 2) animal models, which = are useful=20 for mechanistic studies but not applicable for = prediction of=20 human sensitization to food; 3) endogenous = allergenicity,=20 because natural variability needs to be taken into = account=20 first; and 4) targeted serum screens, because of their = potentially high rate of false-positive and low = probability of=20 true-positive results. The article abstract can be = viewed=20 online at the link below.

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[search=20 again]

Wild Cassava Relatives as Source = of=20 Stress-Resistance Genes
Date: 1/18/2008
Source: = EMBRAPA=20 and Crop Biotech Update

Scientists from the Brazilian = Agriculture=20 Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) have identified several = stress=20 and pathogen resistance genes in varieties of wild = cassava.=20 EMBRAPA is now partnering with the International = Center for=20 Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) to transfer these genes = into=20 higher-yielding, commercial cassava varieties. The=20 researchers, led by Alfredo Cunha Alves, have begun to = identify molecular markers that will facilitate their = work.=20 New stress-resistant varieties of cassava are expected = to be=20 developed before the project ends in 2010. CIAT has = previously=20 used marker assisted selection to develop cassava = varieties=20 with resistance to the mealybug and whitefly, = according to the=20 article. The article can be viewed online at the link = below.=20

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[search=20 again]

Russian Federal Law Sets Biotech = Labeling=20 Threshold at 0.9 Percent
Date: 1/18/2008
Source: = USDA-FAS

The Russian government passed a = new law in=20 October creating a threshold of 0.9 percent = genetically=20 modified (GM) content, under which a food product will = not=20 have to be labeled as GM, according to this report. = The new=20 law makes Russian regulation consistent with EU law, = which=20 also has in place a 0.9 percent threshold. Before the = new law,=20 Russia required that food products with any detectable = GM=20 content be labeled as GM. The report can be viewed = online at=20 the link below.

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[search=20 again]

US Agrees to Give EU More Time on = Biotech=20 OK
Date: 1/22/2008
Source: Reuters

The U.S. has agreed to give the = EU more=20 time to comply with a World Trade Organization (WTO) = ruling on=20 genetically modified organism (GMO) regulatory policy, = U.S.=20 trade officials say. Gretchen Hamel, a spokeswoman for = U.S.=20 Trade Representative Susan Schwab, said the = arrangement would=20 give the EU a "limited period" to demonstrate that it = is=20 approving genetically modified (GM) crops more = quickly. But=20 the U.S. remains "very concerned," Hamel said. She = said the=20 Bush administration will periodically assess whether = the EU is=20 doing enough to comply with the WTO's ruling. Peter = Power, a=20 spokesman for EU Trade Commissioner Peter Mandelson, = welcomed=20 what he called the "measured response" from the U.S. = Hamel=20 noted that the Bush administration is unhappy about = France's=20 recent enactment of a temporary ban on the one GM crop = that=20 had been grown in the country (MON 810 maize). "It is = hard to=20 overstate our disappointment," Hamel said. The article = can be=20 viewed online at the link below.

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[search=20 again]

Genetic Discovery Can Boost the=20 Provitamin A Content of Africa's Maize
Date:=20 1/22/2008
Source: Cornell Chronicle

Researchers at Cornell University = and the=20 University of Illinois in the U.S. report that they = have=20 identified genetic variants in maize that account for=20 different levels of provitamin A (the precursor to = vitamin A)=20 among different maize varieties. The research findings = were=20 published in the January 18 edition of the journal = Science.=20 The research could lead to at least tripling the = provitamin A=20 levels in Africa's maize, said senior author Edward = Buckler, a=20 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural = Research=20 Station research geneticist at Cornell University's = Institute=20 for Genomic Diversity and an adjunct associate = professor of=20 plant breeding and genetics at Cornell. "By = identifying these=20 genetic variants, breeders can make varieties with = higher=20 provitamin A rapidly and inexpensively . . . This = research=20 will now go into the major effort to help create maize = varieties in sub-Saharan Africa for subsistence = farmers,"=20 Buckler said. He commented that the resulting maize = will not=20 be genetically modified (GM) because the source of = genetic=20 diversity is found from within maize itself. Maize is = the=20 dominant subsistence crop in sub-Saharan Africa and = Latin=20 America, where 17 percent to 30 percent of children = under age=20 5 are vitamin A deficient, according to Buckler. The=20 researchers' work was supported by the National = Science=20 Foundation (NSF) in the U.S., the USDA, and the = international=20 Harvest Plus program. The article can be viewed online = at the=20 link below.

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[search=20 again]

Swaminathan Calls for Harmonising = Organic=20 Farming and New Genetics
Date: = 1/22/2008
Source: The=20 Hindu

Speaking recently at a seminar in = Chennai,=20 India, renowned Indian scientist M.S. Swaminathan = argued that=20 India needs to "harmonise organic farming and the new=20 genetics" to ensure that agricultural productivity = does not=20 compromise ecological sustainability. Swaminathan = said: "Land=20 is a shrinking resource, so we need to produce more = and more=20 food on less and less land. What we need is an = Evergreen=20 Revolution, but with ecologically sustainable = techniques like=20 organic farming, horticulture and green agriculture." = He=20 commented that: "The main advantage of biotechnology = and=20 bio-diversity is that it makes available genes with = different=20 qualities [such as drought- and salinity-tolerance]. = This=20 becomes more important with the global climate change. = We do=20 not know which genes will be needed in future in the = context=20 of more floods, so there is a need to preserve = different=20 varieties." The M.S. Swaminathan Foundation, which = M.S.=20 Swaminathan directs, has developed a genetically = modified (GM)=20 rice variety designed to be able to tolerate sea = water. The=20 article notes that last year's temporary ban on the = approval=20 of new GM field trials in India slowed the = foundation's=20 efforts to conduct large scale field trials of the GM = rice.=20 The article can be viewed online at the link below. =

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[search=20 again]

Biotech Companies Race for=20 Drought-Tolerant Crops
Date: 1/23/2008
Source:=20 Reuters

This article says that Pioneer = Hybrid,=20 Monsanto, and other biotechnology companies are in a = race to=20 develop new varieties of corn and other crops that can = thrive=20 when water is in short supply. "Equipping plants to be = able to=20 maintain productivity in the driest years is of = critical=20 importance," says Bill Niebur, global vice president = for=20 research and development at Pioneer, a division of = DuPont.=20 "Drought is a global problem and we recognize the = threat that=20 comes with climate change. We've got our top talent in = our=20 organization working on this," Niebur says. At = present, the=20 article says DuPont is spending US$600 million = annually on=20 agriculture and nutrition. The company hopes to have = its first=20 genetically modified (GM) drought-tolerant corn seed = on the=20 market as early as 2012. Monsanto, meanwhile, has said = it=20 plans to have its first drought-tolerant GM corn on = the market=20 some time after 2010. Syngenta is developing what it = calls=20 "water optimized" corn technology, which it says = should allow=20 corn to be planted on soils that currently will not = support=20 corn fields at all. Syngenta spokeswoman Anne Burt = says the=20 company aims to commercialize the corn by 2011. = According to=20 the article, drought costs billions of U.S. dollars a = year in=20 crop shortfalls worldwide, and academic and government = forecasters say the costs are likely to become greater = as a=20 consequence of climate change. The article notes that = there is=20 disagreement over whether GM crops would be a good = solution.=20 Joe Mendelson, legal director of the Center for Food = Safety in=20 the U.S., says that non-GM varieties that are = naturally=20 adapted to their localities will be the ones that best = tolerate changes in regional climate. Tinkering with = nature is=20 "folly," Mendelson says. The article can be viewed = online at=20 the link below.

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Much More Coming in Cotton=20 Transgenics
Date: 1/23/2008
Source: Western Farm = Press

Plant breeders who spoke at the = recent=20 Central Coast Cotton Conference in the U.S. said that = there=20 are a number of new types of genetically modified (GM) = cotton=20 currently under development. "The technologies that = we're=20 talking about now, we won't even see for 10-15 years," = said=20 Kater Hake, director of agricultural research for = Cotton=20 Incorporated. "We have to be incredibly visionary," he = said.=20 In the area of stress tolerance, Hake reported that=20 researchers are looking at obscure factors such as=20 antioxidants, heat shock proteins, ion exchange, = oxygen=20 boosters, transcription factors, and more. "I think = the=20 biggest area of investment from the private sector = right now=20 is in the area of transcription factors," Hake said. = He=20 explained that: "These are the class of proteins that = are=20 responsible for the incredibly complex networks of = controlling=20 what individual cells do in neighboring cells. = Transcription=20 factors bind to the DNA and control how that DNA is = read and=20 recognized." Hake added that the development of salt = tolerance=20 is another area that is receiving considerable = attention, as=20 is the potential use of cotton to make "bioproducts," = such as=20 industrial oils, health supplements, and industrial = enzymes.=20 Jane Dever, cotton breeding manager with Bayer = CropScience,=20 said that the development of cotton with new fiber=20 characteristics is also an important new area. = Researchers are=20 looking for ways to change cotton lint so as to reduce = fiber=20 damage and the cost of dyeing, as well as to add = wrinkle=20 resistance to fabric, Denver said. The article can be = viewed=20 online at the link below.

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[search=20 again]

Event Notification: Underutilized = Plants=20 Symposium
Date: 1/23/2008
Source: International = Centre=20 for Underutilised Crops

The International Society for = Horticultural=20 Science (ISHS) is organizing a five-day international=20 symposium March 3-7, 2008 in Arusha, Tanzania, = entitled,=20 "Underutilized plants for food, nutrition, income and=20 sustainable development". The symposium will be = organized=20 around four main areas of importance for underutilized = plants:=20 1) food security; 2) nutrition and health; 3) income=20 generation; and 4) environmental sustainability. = Participants=20 will be invited to share and discuss reasons for the = successes=20 and failures of diverse types of approaches to promote = underutilized plants. The ISHS says that it recognizes = the=20 need to provide a global forum for exchange and debate = on=20 issues related to the promotion of underutilized = plants. The=20 symposium is an activity of the newly formed ISHS = working=20 group on underutilized plant genetic resources (PG3). = The=20 symposium website is available at the link below. =

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[search=20 again]

Addressing Micronutrient = Deficiencies:=20 Alternative Interventions and Technologies
Date:=20 1/24/2008
Source: AgBioForum

This paper reports that public = investments=20 in research to create biofortified staple crops have=20 increased, and it assesses the potential for this new = approach=20 in two ways. First, the paper examines lessons from=20 established interventions to address micronutrient=20 deficiencies. These lessons describe where and how=20 biofortification can complement existing interventions = and=20 provide guidance regarding potential "hurdles" to = successful=20 implementation. One challenge is said to be the = failure of the=20 market in some cases to support foods with enhanced=20 nutritional attributes. Second, the paper examines the = potential for different crop-breeding technologies to=20 biofortify crops, and it identifies advances that it = says can=20 only be achieved through the application of modern=20 biotechnology. The paper's authors are professors at = three=20 U.S. universities. The paper can be viewed online at = the link=20 below.

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Patterns of Political Response to = Biofortified Varieties of Crops Produced with = Different=20 Breeding Techniques and Agronomic Traits
Date:=20 1/24/2008
Source: AgBioForum

This paper discusses what will be = the=20 likely political responses to biofortified genetically = modified (GM) crops. The paper begins by considering = the=20 political responses to two crops that were = nutritionally=20 enhanced though conventionally breeding --Quality = Protein=20 Maize (QPM) and orange-fleshed sweet potatoes - and = the=20 political responses to GM varieties of maize, potato, = and=20 papaya that designed to exhibit enhanced agronomic = traits.=20 Lastly, it briefly mentions the initial political = responses to=20 biofortified GM rice, potatoes, cassava, and sorghum. = The=20 paper concludes that not only have GM crops elicited a = stronger negative political response than have non-GM = crops,=20 but that biofortification is not likely to make GM = crops more=20 appealing to activists and politicians. It says, = however, that=20 political opposition to GM crops can be outweighed by=20 well-organized, politically powerful interest groups. = To gain=20 political support as well as extensive adoption by = farmers,=20 the paper states that biofortification needs to be = combined=20 with attractive agronomic traits. The paper can be = viewed=20 online at the link below.

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Resource Notification
Date:=20 1/24/2008
Source: AgBioForum

The online journal AgBioForum has = release a=20 special issue on "Biofortified Food Crops: Progress = and=20 Prospects in Developing Countries". Guest editors are = Laurian=20 Unnevehr, Carl Pray, Robert Paarlberg, and Calestous = Juma.=20 Papers in the special issue can be viewed online at = the link=20 below.

Link

[search=20 again]

=

Copyright =C2=A9 2003 Meridian = Institute. All rights=20 reserved.
Last updated on=20 5/18/2006
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term/keyword=0A= var _ucct=3D"utm_content"; // content=0A= var _ucid=3D"utm_id"; // id number=0A= var _ucno=3D"utm_nooverride"; // don't override=0A= =0A= //-- Auto/Organic Sources and Keywords=0A= var _uOsr=3Dnew Array();=0A= var _uOkw=3Dnew Array();=0A= _uOsr[0]=3D"google"; _uOkw[0]=3D"q";=0A= _uOsr[1]=3D"yahoo"; _uOkw[1]=3D"p";=0A= _uOsr[2]=3D"msn"; _uOkw[2]=3D"q";=0A= _uOsr[3]=3D"aol"; _uOkw[3]=3D"query";=0A= _uOsr[4]=3D"aol"; _uOkw[4]=3D"encquery";=0A= _uOsr[5]=3D"lycos"; _uOkw[5]=3D"query";=0A= _uOsr[6]=3D"ask"; _uOkw[6]=3D"q";=0A= _uOsr[7]=3D"altavista"; _uOkw[7]=3D"q";=0A= _uOsr[8]=3D"netscape"; _uOkw[8]=3D"query";=0A= _uOsr[9]=3D"cnn"; _uOkw[9]=3D"query";=0A= _uOsr[10]=3D"looksmart"; _uOkw[10]=3D"qt";=0A= _uOsr[11]=3D"about"; _uOkw[11]=3D"terms";=0A= _uOsr[12]=3D"mamma"; _uOkw[12]=3D"query";=0A= _uOsr[13]=3D"alltheweb"; _uOkw[13]=3D"q";=0A= _uOsr[14]=3D"gigablast"; _uOkw[14]=3D"q";=0A= _uOsr[15]=3D"voila"; _uOkw[15]=3D"rdata";=0A= _uOsr[16]=3D"virgilio"; _uOkw[16]=3D"qs";=0A= 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